The conversion or ‘encoding’ of information or data into a secret code or other form that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized or unintentional users is called ‘encoding’. The encrypted data format is called “ciphertext”; the unencrypted data is called “plain text”.

It is a means of improving and updating the security of information, such as a message or a file, by encoding the data in such a way that it can only be read or “decrypted” by the intended person with the correct encryption key. The use of encryption software is the most efficient means used to obtain a high degree of protection for confidential data. Encrypting files or data does not mean that messages cannot be intercepted; it only prevents the content of the message from being visible to the unauthorized interceptor.

Decryption is the term used for converting encrypted data or information to the original format for viewing and understanding.

Use of encryption and decryption

The art of encryption is as old as the communication system. It is interesting to read reports of wartime activities where codes were used to communicate troop positions, attack commands, the location of warships, etc. In cryptography, these are known as ciphers. Simple encryption elements include rotating letters of the alphabet and substituting numbers; Today, however, sophisticated computer algorithms do that by using digital signals to rearrange bits of data.

Decryption of encrypted data is possible by using the correct algorithm key that works to undo the encryption algorithm.

In addition to communication, data encryption is essential for government functions such as the military and defense. In public use, many companies use encryption to prevent the loss or misuse of sensitive data and strategies. Purchasing online using cards is another area where data encryption is widely used.

However, certain objections have been raised against using strong encryption that becomes unbreakable without the correct decryption keys. As the prospects for cybercrime and terrorist activities flood the world, governments around the world face the possibility of evasion by illegal organizations through the smokescreen of encrypted data. They argue that data that cannot be decrypted poses an even more dangerous outcome. Efforts are underway to persuade companies, organizations and government agencies that use ciphertext to provide the keys for data decryption, which will be secured by the authorities and stored in a safe place for later use.

Encryption types

Generally speaking, encryption is of two types:

• Symmetric key encryption: where the keys or algorithms for encryption and decryption are the same.

• Public Key Encryption – Here, the encryption key is open for anyone to encrypt messages. However, access to the decryption key will depend solely on the intended recipient of the data.